Currently, myopia is widespread worldwide. It is predicted that by 2050, more than 50% of the population, approximately 4.758 billion people, will be nearsighted. About 49.8% of the global population, or 938 million people, will have high myopia.
Myopia occurs when the cornea is more curved than normal, or the eyeball is elongated. If the eyeball lengthens by 1 mm, it corresponds to an increase in myopia of -3.00 D.
Diseases Associated with Myopia
- Myopic maculopathy
- Retinal detachment
- Posterior subcapsular cataract
- Glaucoma
- The higher the degree of myopia, the greater the risk of developing these conditions.
- LASIK does not reduce the risk of these diseases, as it only addresses the symptoms rather than the underlying cause.
- Early detection leads to faster treatment and better outcomes.
Current Methods for Slowing Myopia Progression in Children
- Atropine eye drops
- Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) contact lenses
- Specialized eyeglass lenses designed to slow myopia progression
This section focuses on myopia control lenses. Currently, the most widely used technology is Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segment (DIMS). This technology controls light to prevent it from focusing behind the retina (peripheral hyperopic defocus), which is a key factor in excessive eyeball elongation. As the eyeball elongates, myopia increases.
Using myopia control lenses is a safe and side-effect-free method for managing myopia. It is recommended for children aged 6–12 years, with follow-up appointments every six months. If myopia progression exceeds two steps, the lenses should be replaced to ensure optimal myopia control.